Authors

Mariano-Florentino (Tino) Cuéllar, former California Supreme Court justice, is president of Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, William and Flora Hewlett Foundation board chair, and Inflection AI board member. He was the Stanley Morrison Prof. of Law at Stanford University.

Mariano-Florentino (Tino) Cuéllar

Jeff Dean, co-founder of Google Brain and Google Chief Scientist, shared the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Prize in Computing and received the IEEE John von Neumann medal.

Jeff Dean

Professor John Hennessy, past Stanford University president, and Chairman of the Board of Alphabet, received the IEEE Medal of Honor and shared the ACM A.M. Turing Award and the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) Charles Draper Prize with David Patterson.

Prof. John Hennessy

Harvard Professor Finale Doshi-Velez works on AI for healthcare. She was selected by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) as a “Top 10 in AI.”

Prof. Finale Doshi-Velez

Andy Konwinski co-founded Databricks and Perplexity. During his Ph.D. studies at UC Berkeley he was a co-author with David Patterson on a vision paper that inspired this one.

Dr. Andy Konwinski

Professor Sanmi Koyejo works on trustworthy AI and is the current President of Black in AI. He won the 2021 Skip Ellis Early Career Award from the Computing Research Association (CRA).

Prof. Sanmi Koyejo

Pelonomi Moiloa is CEO of Lelepa AI (based in South Africa) and works on low-resource African languages. Time magazine named her one of the 100 most influential people in AI.

Pelonomi Moiloa

Cornell Professor Emma Pierson received a Rhodes Scholarship and was named to Forbes’ “30 Under 30 in Science” and to MIT Technology Review’s “35 Innovators Under 35.”

Prof. Emma Pierson

UC Berkeley Professor Emeritus David Patterson, past president of ACM, past chair of CRA, and Google Distinguished Engineer, shared the ACM A.M. Turing Award and the NAE Charles Draper Prize with John Hennessy.

Prof. David Patterson

Sources

We wish to thank the topic experts for their valuable insights.

Acknowledgements

Many gave us feedback that improved this paper, including:

Susan AtheyJennifer ChayesMarian CroakScott GraftonGeoffrey HintonScott HubbardTom KalilKurt KeutzerSamira KhanEd LazowskaDerek LockhartXiaoyu MaGrace MahusayJames ManyikaChristin MillsDeirdre MulliganDavid Patterson Jr.Jessica PattersonRaj ReddyJasper RineDaniel RothchildAlex ShammasSusan StaffordK. TigheLaura TysonCliff Young